feat: add budget update functionality and enhance budget management UI

- Implemented UpdateAsync method in BudgetController for updating budget details.
- Created UpdateBudgetDto for handling budget update requests.
- Added BudgetCard component for displaying budget information with progress tracking.
- Developed BudgetEditPopup component for creating and editing budget entries.
- Introduced BudgetSummary component for summarizing budget statistics by period.
- Enhanced budget period display logic in BudgetDto to support various timeframes.

Web/src/api/budget.js

@@ -37,6 +37,18 @@ export function createBudget(data) {
   })
 }
 
+/**
+ * 更新预算
+ * @param {object} data 预算数据
+ */
+export function updateBudget(data) {
+  return request({
+    url: '/Budget/Update',
+    method: 'post',
+    data
+  })
+}
+
 /**
  * 删除预算
  * @param {number} id 预算ID